List of Publicly Traded Micro-Cap Biotech Companies Listed on Major U.S. Exchanges

This list includes biotech companies with market capitalizations between 50 million dollars and 300 million dollars. In the world of investing these are referred to as micro-cap stocks. We update this page at the start of every month so it is possible that during the course of a month a company’s market cap might go below 50 million or above 300 million.  Additional biotech companies can be found through the following links:

List of Biotech Companies

Large-Cap Biotech Stocks

Mid-Cap Biotech Stocks

Small-Cap Biotech Stocks

Nano-Cap Biotech Stocks

Molecular Diagnostics

A comparison widget that shows trend, earnings per share (EPS), P/E ratio and beta for each of the companies on this list can be accessed through the link below.

Micro-Cap Biotech Industry Comparison Widget

Select the company’s link to access charts, news links and company website and social media information.

Biotech: Micro-Cap Stocks

Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. (ALDX) (Treatments for diseases thought to be related to endogenous free aldehydes)

BioLineRx Ltd. (BLRX) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: Cardiac device, acute myeloid leukemia, celiac disease, infectious diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, skin lesions)

CorMedix Inc. (CRMD) (Infectious and inflammatory diseases)

Kadmon Holdings, Inc. (KDMN) (IPO July 27, 2016: biopharmaceutical company developing product candidates within autoimmune and fibrotic diseases, oncology and genetic diseases)

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (KALV) (Small molecule protease inhibitors)

Kamada Ltd. (KMDA) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: specialty therapeutics developed through a protein purification technology)

Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (MDGL) (Cardiovascular, liver and metabolic diseases)

Miragen Therapeutics, Inc. (MGEN) (RNA-targeted therapeutics)

Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. (PTGX) (IPO August 11, 2016: biopharmaceutical company with a platform focused on discovering and developing peptide-based new chemical entities)

Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (RETA) (IPO May 26, 2016: biopharmaceutical company focused on developing drugs that modulate the activity of important regulatory proteins)

Trevena, Inc. (TRVN) (Biopharmaceutical company: discovery and development of GPCR biased ligands)

Animal Health

Kindred Biosciences, Inc. (KIN) (Biotechnology company that develops medicines for pets)

Anti-Infectives

Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (CDTX) (IPO in April 2015: Anti-infectives; fungal infections)

Matinas Biopharma Holdings, Inc. (MTNB) (Anti-infectives for orphan indications)

Nabriva Therapeutics AG (NBRV) (IPO in September 2015: Austria, biopharmaceutical company: anti-infectives designed to treat bacterial infections)

Antibodies

XOMA Corporation (XOMA) (Therapeutic antibodies; endocrine assets with the potential address multiple indications)

Antivirals

Chimerix, Inc. (CMRX) (Biopharmaceutical company: oral antivirals)

ContraVir Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CTRV) (Biopharmaceutical company: antiviral therapies; shingles, Hepatitis B virus)

NanoViricides, Inc. (NNVC) (Nanotechnology-based biomimetic anti-viral medicines)

Biocatalysts

Codexis, Inc. (CDXS) (Protein engineering company: develops biocatalysts for pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals markets)

Biosimilars

Pfenex Inc. (PFNX) (Non-glycosylated biosimilars)

Cancer

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ATNM) (Biopharmaceutical company: immunotherapeutics for the treatment of advanced cancers)

Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Inc. (AGLE) (IPO April 7, 2016: Biotech company focused therapeutics for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and cancer)

Affimed N.V. (AFMD) (Germany, biopharmaceutical company: cancer immunotherapies)

Aileron Therapeutics, Inc. (ALRN) (IPO June 29, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: cancer)

ArQule, Inc. (ARQL) (Small molecule cancer therapeutics)

AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (AVEO) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapies through biomarker-driven insights)

Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. (BPTH) (Therapeutic products using its proprietary liposomal delivery technology)

BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. (BTAI) (IPO March 8, 2018; biopharmaceutical company: neuroscience and immuno-oncology)

CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (CASI) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapeutics addressing cancer and other unmet medical needs; focus on China)

Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc. (CBMG) (Treatments for cancer and degenerative diseases)

Compugen Ltd. (CGEN) (Israel: immuno-oncology programs which are aimed at harnessing the immune system to eradicate cancer)

CTI BioPharma Corp. (CTIC) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapies covering a spectrum of blood-related cancers)

Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (DFFN) (Cancer focused biotech company)

Endocyte, Inc. (ECYT) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapies for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases)

Fortress Biotech (FBIO) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer, additional products in pipeline)

Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (GALT) (Therapies for fibrotic diseases and cancer)

Genprex, Inc. (GNPX) (IPO March 29, 2018; gene therapy: cancer)

GTX, Inc. (GTXI) (Small molecules for the treatment of cancer and serious medical conditions)

Immune Design Corp. (IMDZ) (Immunotherapy company)

ImmunoGen, Inc. (IMGN) (Targeted cancer therapeutics)

Immutep Limited (IMMP) (Australia: immunotherapeutic products for the treatment of cancer)

Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INFI) (Biopharmaceutical company: Blood cancers, indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

Kura Oncology, Inc. (KURA) (IPO in November 2015: Biopharmaceutical company; therapeutics for the treatment of solid tumors and blood cancers)

Leap Therapeutics, Inc. (LPTX) (Cancer therapies)

MEI Pharma, Inc. (MEIP) (Therapies for the treatment of cancer)

Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. (MRTX) (Oncology company: genetically-targeted oncology therapeutics)

Nantkwest Inc. (NK) (IPO in June 2015: Immunotherapy company: cancer)

Oncobiologics, Inc. (ONS) (IPO May 13, 2016, biopharmaceutical company: biosimilar therapeutics)

Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (PIRS) (Biotechnology company: areas of focus include cancer, asthma and anemia)

Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (RNN) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapeutics for the treatment of cancer)

SELLAS Life Sciences Group, Inc. (SLS) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer immunotherapies)

Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. (SRNE) (Oncology company: treatments for cancer and associated pain)

Stemline Therapeutics, Inc. (STML) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapeutics that target cancer stem cells and tumor bulk)

Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (SNSS) (Biopharmaceutical company: oncology therapeutics for the potential treatment of solid and hematologic cancers)

Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (SNDX) (IPO March 3, 2016: Biopharmaceutical company engaged in the development of cancer treatments)

Tocagen Inc. (TOCA) (IPO April 13, 2017; cancer-selective gene therapies)

Tracon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (TCON) (IPO in January 2015: Biopharmaceutical company: therapeutics for cancer, age-related macular degeneration and fibrotic diseases)

Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (TRIL) (Canada: immuno-oncology company)

Vascular Biogenics Ltd. (VBLT) (Israel: Treatments for cancer)

Verastem, Inc. (VSTM) (Biopharmaceutical company: drugs to treat cancer by the targeted killing of cancer stem cells)

Zymeworks Inc. (ZYME) (IPO April 28, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: cancer)

Cannabanoid Treatments

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Inc. (ZYNE) (Synthetic cannabinoid treatments)

Cell Therapies

Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. (AST) (Regenerative medicine: therapeutics developed from platforms based on pluripotent stem cells and dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy)

Celyad SA (CYAD) (IPO in June 2015, Belgium: Cell therapy treatments; cardiovascular disease, oncology)

Neuralstem, Inc. (CUR) (Production of central nervous system stem cells used in the treatment of central nervous system diseases)

Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc. (PSTI) (Israel: Cell therapies for a broad spectrum of diseases)

Vericel Corporation (VCEL) (Cellular therapies for treatment of severe diseases and conditions)

Central Nervous System

Anavex Life Sciences Corp. (AVXL) (Biopharmaceutical company: Alzheimer’s, other CNS diseases; cancer)

Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. (AXSM) (IPO in November 2015: Biopharmaceutical company: therapies for pan management and central nervous system disorders)

Intec Pharma Ltd. (NTEC) (IPO in August 2015: Israel, biopharmaceutical company: oral drug delivery system, Parkinson’s disease)

Minerva Neurosciences, Inc. (NERV) (Biopharmaceutical company: central nervous system diseases)

Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (TTNP) (Biopharmaceutical company: CNS disorders)

Critical Care

Tenax Therapeutics, Inc. (TENX) (Treatment for various critical care conditions)

Dermatology

Krystal Biotech, Inc. (KRYS) (IPO September 20, 2017; biotech company: treatments for dermatological diseases utilizing gene therapy)

Diabetes

MannKind Corporation (MNKD) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapeutic products for diseases which include diabetes)

Dietary Supplements

Neptune Technologies & Bioresources Inc. (NEPT) (Canada: omega-3 dietary supplements)

Eyes

Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc. (ADVM) (Biopharmaceutical company: serious eye diseases)

Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation (AGTC) (Treatments for rare eye diseases caused by mutated genes)

Clearside Biomedical, Inc. (CLSD) (IPO June 2, 2016: biopharmaceutical company focused on therapies for blinding eye diseases)

Imprimis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (IMMY) (Ophthalmology and urology drug therapies)

NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Biopharmaceutical company: anti-infective treatments, ophthalmology)

Ocular Therapeutix, Inc. (OCUL) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapies for diseases and conditions of the eye through its hydrogel platform technology)

Ohr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (OHRP) (Ocular diseases)

Ophthotech Corporation (OPHT) (Biopharmaceutical company: back of the eye diseases)

Fertility

Ovascience Inc. (OVAS) (Life sciences company: treatments for infertility)

Gastrointestinal

Redhill Biopharma Ltd. (RDHL) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases, gastrointestinal cancers)

Genetic Disorders

Protalix BioTherapeutics, Inc. (PLX) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: therapeutic proteins used in the treatment of genetic disorders including Gaucher disease and Fabry disease)

Genomic Medicine

Aevi Genomic Medicine, Inc. (GNMX) (Genomic medicine)

Heart

Capricor Therapeutics, Inc. (CAPR) (Treatment of heart failure and heart attacks)

Gemphire Therapeutics Inc. (GEMP) (IPO August 5, 2016: biopharmaceutical company focused on therapies to treat dyslipidemia)

Immune System

Selecta Biosciences, Inc. (SELB) (IPO June 22, 2016: clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on products designed to modulate the immune system)

Immunotherapy

Calithera Biosciences, Inc. (CALA) (Immunotherapy company: cell process optimization, development, and manufacturing)

Infectious Diseases

ADMA Biologics Inc. (ADMA) (Biopharmaceutical company: Plasma-based biologics for the treatment and prevention of certain infectious diseases)

Atea Pharmaceuticals Inc. (AVIR) (Biopharmaceutical company: antiviral therapies)

Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc. (PRTK) (Antibiotics for patients with infectious diseases including community-acquired bacterial infections and other difficult-to-treat infections)

Kidney

Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ACHN) (Biopharmaceutical company: small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases and immune system disorders)

Liver

Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ACHN) (Biopharmaceutical company: small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases and immune system disorders)

Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CNAT) (Biopharmaceutical company: liver disease)

Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (GALT) (Liver fibrosis and cancer)

Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc. (ICPT) (Biopharmaceutical company: liver diseases)

Metabolic Disorders

Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (DRNA) (RNA interference-based therapeutics for the treatment of rare diseases)

Galmed Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (GLMD) (Biopharmaceutical company: liver metabolic diseases)

Zafgen Inc. (ZFGN) (Biopharmaceutical company: obesity and complex metabolic disorders)

Musculoskeletal

Castle Biosciences Inc. (CSTL) (Biopharmaceutical company: dermatologic and musculoskeletal diseases)

Neurological Disorders

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (CPRX) (IPO November 21, 2006: biopharmaceutical company focused on therapies for neurological and neuromuscular diseases)

Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc. (ITCI) (Biopharmaceutical company: CNS drug discovery and development)

Sage Therapeutics, Inc. (SAGE) (Biopharmaceutical company: central nervous system disorders)

Oncology

AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (AVEO) (Biopharmaceutical company: oncology and other unmet medical needs)

Bellerophon Therapeutics Inc. (BLPH) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer and heart failure)

Epizyme Inc. (EPZM) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer)

GlycoMimetics Inc. (GLYC) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer and orphan diseases)

Kura Oncology Inc. (KURA) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer treatments)

Lpath Inc. (LPTN) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer and autoimmune diseases)

MEI Pharma Inc. (MEIP) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer)

Oncolytics Biotech Inc. (ONCY) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer)

Syros Pharmaceuticals Inc. (SYRS) (Biopharmaceutical company: cancer and monogenic diseases)

Orphan Diseases

Global Blood Therapeutics Inc. (GBT) (Biopharmaceutical company: orphan diseases)

Mallinckrodt plc (MNK) (Ireland: biopharmaceutical company: orphan diseases)

Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc. (PTLA) (Biopharmaceutical company: orphan diseases)

Pain Management

Depomed Inc. (DEPO) (IPO February 4, 1998: biopharmaceutical company: pain and other CNS conditions)

Pernix Therapeutics Holdings Inc. (PTX) (Biopharmaceutical company: pain management)

Theravance Biopharma, Inc. (TBPH) (Biopharmaceutical company: pain management)

Respiratory Disorders

Corvus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CRVS) (Biopharmaceutical company: immune therapies for cancer)

Rare Diseases

Audentes Therapeutics Inc. (BOLD) (Biotechnology company: treatments for rare diseases)

Axovant Sciences Ltd. (AXON) (Biopharmaceutical company: treatments for neurological diseases)

Cara Therapeutics Inc. (CARA) (Biopharmaceutical company: treatments for pain and pruritus)

Dova Pharmaceuticals Inc. (DOVA) (Biopharmaceutical company: treatments for rare diseases)

Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (GALT) (Biopharmaceutical company: liver fibrosis and cancer)

Immune Pharmaceuticals Inc. (IMNP) (Biopharmaceutical company: treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer)

Women’s Health

Alexza Pharmaceuticals Inc. (ALXA) (Biopharmaceutical company: treatments for central nervous system disorders and respiratory conditions)

Evofem Biosciences Inc. (EVFM) (Biopharmaceutical company: women’s sexual and reproductive health)

OvaScience Inc. (OVAS) (Biotechnology company: fertility treatments)

Viveve Medical Inc. (VIVE) (Medical technology company: women’s health)

Gastrointestinal

Redhill Biopharma Ltd. (RDHL) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases, gastrointestinal cancers)

Genetic Disorders

Protalix BioTherapeutics, Inc. (PLX) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: therapeutic proteins used in the treatment of genetic disorders including Gaucher disease and Fabry disease)

Genomic Medicine

Aevi Genomic Medicine, Inc. (GNMX) (Genomic medicine)

Heart

Capricor Therapeutics, Inc. (CAPR) (Treatment of heart failure and heart attacks)

Gemphire Therapeutics Inc. (GEMP) (IPO August 5, 2016: biopharmaceutical company focused on therapies to treat dyslipidemia)

Immune System

Selecta Biosciences, Inc. (SELB) (IPO June 22, 2016: clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on products designed to modulate the immune system)

Immunotherapy

Calithera Biosciences, Inc. (CALA) (Immunotherapy company: cell process optimization, development, and manufacturing)

Infectious Diseases

ADMA Biologics Inc. (ADMA) (Biopharmaceutical company: Plasma-based biologics for the treatment and prevention of certain infectious diseases)

Arsanis, Inc. (ASNS) (IPO November 16, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: infectious diseases)

ContraFect Corporation (CFRX) (Therapeutic protein and antibody products for infectious diseases)

Dynavax Technologies Corporation (DVAX) (Biopharmaceutical company; products to prevent and treat infectious diseases)

Sangamo BioSciences, Inc. (SGMO) (Biopharmaceutical company: infectious diseases, monogenic diseases, hemoglobinopathies)

Summit Therapeutics Plc. (SMMT) (IPO in March 2015: United Kingdom, biopharmaceutical company: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, infectious disease caused by the bacteria C. difficile)

Infections

Motif Bio plc (MTFB) (IPO November 18, 2016: biopharmaceutical company, development of antibiotics for infections)

Spero Therapeutics, Inc. (SPRO) (IPO November 2, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: multi-drug resistant bacterial infections)

Inflammation

Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (AMPE) (Biopharmaceutical company: inflammatory conditions)

Liver

Arbutus Biopharma Corporation (ABUS) (Canada, biopharmaceutical company: chronic hepatitis B infection)

Arrowhead Research Corporation (ARWR) (Biopharmaceutical company: RNAi therapeutics, chronic hepatitis B infection)

Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CNAT) (Medicines to treat liver disease)

Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (DRNA) (Biopharmaceutical company: inherited diseases of the liver and genetically defined cancers)

Galmed Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (GLMD) (Israel, biopharmaceutical company: oral therapy for treating liver diseases and cholesterol gallstones)

Vital Therapies, Inc. (VTL) (Cell-based system for the treatment of acute liver failure)

Metabolic

Allena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ALNA) (IPO November 2, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: metabolic and kidney disorders)

Cymabay Therapeutics Inc. (CBAY) (Biopharmaceutical company: metabolic diseases)

Microbiome

Synthetic Biologics, Inc. (SYN) (Therapeutics to protect the microbiome)

Neurological

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. (BCLI) (Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases)

Edge Therapeutics Inc. (EDGE) (IPO in October 2015: Neurological conditions)

MediciNova, Inc. (MNOV) (Biopharmaceutical company: neurological disorders, treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma)

Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (OVID) (IPO May 5, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: rare neurological disorders)

Neuromuscular disorders

Flex Pharma, Inc. (FLKS) (Neuromuscular disorders including muscle cramps)

Pain

Durect Corporation (DRRX) (Biopharmaceutical company: pain management, CNS disorders, acute organ injury and metabolic diseases)

Rare Diseases

Abeona Therapeutics (ABEO) (Gene therapy and plasma-based products)

Akari Therapeutics, Plc (AKTX) (United Kingdom, biopharmaceutical company: therapeutics to treat orphan autoimmune and inflammatory diseases)

aTyr Pharma Inc. (LIFE) (IPO in May 2015: Medicines used in the treatment of severe rare diseases)

Catabasis Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CATB) (Biopharmaceutical company: rare diseases, serious lipid disorders)

Catalyst Pharmaceutical Partners, Inc. (CPRX) (Biopharmaceutical company: rare neuromuscular and neurological diseases)

Chiasma Inc. (CHMA) (IPO in July 2015, biopharmaceutical company: oral versions of injected drugs for orphan diseases)

Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc. (EIGR) (Biopharmaceutical company: Hepatitis Delta, Hypoglycemia, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Lymphedema)

Fate Therapeutics, Inc. (FATE) (Biopharmaceutical company: cellular immunotherapeutics; cancer, rare genetic diseases and immune disorders)

Novelion Therapeutics Inc. (NVLN) (Rare diseases)

Regulus Therapeutics Inc. (RGLS) (Biopharmaceutical company: microRNA therapeutics for oncology indications and orphan diseases)

Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (RCKT) (Biotech company: gene therapies for rare diseases)

Strongbridge Biopharma plc (SBBP) (IPO in October 2015: Biopharmaceutical company; rare endocrine disorders and other rare diseases)

UniQure N.V. (QURE) (Netherlands: gene therapy)

Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. (XENE) (Canada, biopharmaceutical company: lipoprotein lipase deficiency)

Regenerative Medicine

Athersys, Inc. (ATHX) (Biopharmaceutical company: most advanced programs in area of regenerative medicine; stem cell products)

Respiratory

ProQR Therapeutics N.V. (PRQR) (Netherlands: Cystic fibrosis and severe genetic disorders)

Proteostasis Therapeutics, Inc. (PTI) (IPO February 11, 2016: Biopharmaceutical company with an initial focus on cystic fibrosis)

Pulmatrix Inc. (PULM) (Biopharmaceutical company: therapies to address pulmonary disease)

Verona Pharma plc (VRNA) (IPO April 27, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: respiratory diseases)

RNA Medicines

Arcturus Therapeutics (ARCT) (RNA medicines and technologies)

Sickle Cell disease

GlycoMimetics, Inc. (GLYC) (Vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease; treatment for AML in combination with chemotherapy)

Urology

Nymox Pharmaceutical Corporation (NYMX) (Drugs and diagnostic products for the aging population; treatment for enlarged prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Sophiris Bio, Inc. (SPHS) (Biopharmaceutical company: urological diseases)

UroGen Pharma Ltd. (URGN) (IPO May 4, 2017; biopharmaceutical company: urological conditions)

Vaccines

Genocea Biosciences, Inc. (GNCA) (Vaccines and immunotherapies: infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases)

VBI Vaccines Inc. (VBIV) (Biopharmaceutical company: vaccines)

Viral Diseases

Spring Bank Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (SBPH) (Biopharmaceutical company: viral diseases)

Weight Management

VIVUS, Inc. (VVUS) (Biopharmaceutical company: weight management, erectile dysfunction)

Zafgen, Inc. (ZFGN) (Biopharmaceutical company: obesity)

Women’s Health

ObsEva SA (OBSV) (IPO January 26, 2017; women’s reproductive health and pregnancy)

Palatin Technologies, Inc. (PTN) (Biopharmaceutical company: female sexual dysfunction; development programs or drug candidates for other areas)

Wound Care

MediWound Ltd. (MDWD) (Israel, Biopharmaceutical company: severe burns, chronic and other hard-to-heal wounds)